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Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
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12 Months Ended |
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Dec. 31, 2012
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| Organization and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Subsidiaries |
Subsidiaries We conduct substantially all of our operations through a subsidiary, Gladstone Commercial Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). As we currently own all of the general and limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership through GCLP Business Trust I and II, the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership are consolidated with those of the Company. Gladstone Commercial Lending, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Gladstone Commercial Lending”) and a subsidiary of ours, was created to conduct all operations related to real estate mortgage loans of the Company. As the Operating Partnership currently owns all of the membership interests of Gladstone Commercial Lending, the financial position and results of operations of Gladstone Commercial Lending are consolidated with those of the Company. Gladstone Commercial Advisers, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Commercial Advisers”) and a subsidiary of the Company, is a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), which was created to collect any non-qualifying income related to our real estate portfolio. There has been no such income earned to date. Since the Company owns 100% of the voting securities of Commercial Advisers, the financial position and results of operations of Commercial Advisers are consolidated with those of the Company. GCLP Business Trust I and GCLP Business Trust II, each a subsidiary and business trust of the Company, were formed under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on December 28, 2005. We transferred our 99% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership to GCLP Business Trust I in exchange for 100 shares of the trust. Gladstone Commercial Partners, LLC transferred its 1% general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership to GCLP Business Trust II in exchange for 100 trust shares. |
| Use of Estimates |
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. |
| Reclassifications |
Reclassifications Certain line items on the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows from prior years’ financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income. |
| Real Estate and Lease Intangibles |
Real Estate and Lease Intangibles We record investments in real estate at cost and capitalize improvements and replacements when they extend the useful life or improve the efficiency of the asset. We expense costs of repairs and maintenance as such costs are incurred. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life or 39 years for buildings and improvements, 5 to 7 years for equipment and fixtures, and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests. We account for our acquisitions of real estate in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, “Business Combinations,” which requires that the purchase price of real estate be recorded at fair value and allocated to the acquired tangible assets and liabilities, consisting of land, building, tenant improvements, long-term debt, capital lease obligations, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of above-market and below-market leases, in-place leases, lease origination costs and tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. ASC 805 also requires that all expenses related to the acquisition be expensed as incurred, rather than capitalized into the cost of the acquisition. Management’s estimates of fair value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g. discounted cash flow analysis). Factors considered by management in its analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired. In estimating carrying costs, management also includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the hypothetical expected lease-up periods, which primarily range from nine to eighteen months, depending on specific local market conditions. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases, including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses to the extent that such costs are not already incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of the transaction. We allocate purchase price to the fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The “as-if-vacant” value is allocated to land, building and tenant improvements based on management’s determination of the relative fair values of these assets. Real estate depreciation expense on these tangible assets was $11.9 million, $10.1 million and $9.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Above-market and below-market in-place lease fair values for owned properties are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. When determining the non-cancelable term of the lease, we evaluate if fixed-rate renewal options, if any, should be included. The capitalized above-market lease values, included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as part of deferred rent receivable, are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. Total amortization related to above-market lease values was $0.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The capitalized below-market lease values, included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as part of deferred rent liability, are amortized as an increase to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. Total amortization related to below-market lease values was $1.1 million. $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The total amount of the remaining intangible assets acquired, which consists of in-place lease values, unamortized lease origination costs, and customer relationship intangible values, are allocated based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by management in determining these values include the nature and extent of our existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and our expectations of lease renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors. The value of in-place leases and lease origination costs are amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases, which generally range from 10 to 15 years. The value of customer relationship intangibles, which is the benefit to us resulting from the likelihood of an existing tenant renewing its lease, are amortized to expense over the remaining term and any anticipated renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event does the amortization period for intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the above-market and below-market lease values, in-place lease values, lease origination costs and customer relationship intangibles will be immediately charged to the related income or expense. Total amortization expense related to these intangible assets was $4.9 million, $4.0 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
| Impairment |
Impairment We account for the impairment of real estate, including intangible assets, in accordance with ASC 360-10-35, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” which requires us to periodically review the carrying value of each property to determine if circumstances indicate impairment of the carrying value of the investment exists or that depreciation periods should be modified. If circumstances indicate the possibility of impairment, we prepare a projection of the undiscounted future cash flows, without interest charges, of the specific property and determine if the carrying value of the investment in such property is recoverable. In performing the analysis, we consider such factors as the tenants’ payment history and financial condition, the likelihood of lease renewal, business conditions in the industry in which the tenants operate and whether there are indications that the fair value of the real estate has decreased. If the carrying amount is less than the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we would recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property. We evaluate our entire property portfolio each quarter for any impairment indicators and perform an impairment analysis on those select properties that have an indication of impairment. We concluded that none of our properties were impaired as of December 31, 2012, and will continue to monitor our portfolio for any indicators of impairment. There have been no impairments recognized on our real estate assets since inception. |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider cash equivalents to be all short-term, highly-liquid investments that are both readily convertible to cash and have a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, except that any such investments purchased with funds held in escrow or similar accounts are classified as restricted cash. Items classified as cash equivalents include money-market deposit accounts. Our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2012 were primarily held in the custody of two financial institutions, and our balance at times may exceed federally insurable limits. |
| Restricted Cash |
Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of security deposits and receipts from tenants for reserves. These funds will be released to the tenants upon completion of agreed upon tasks, as specified in the lease agreements, mainly consisting of maintenance and repairs on the buildings and upon receipt by us of evidence of insurance and tax payments. For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, changes in restricted cash caused by changes in reserves held for tenants are shown as investing activities. Changes in restricted cash caused by changes in security deposits are reflected in cash from financing activities. |
| Funds Held in Escrow |
Funds Held in Escrow Funds held in escrow consist of funds held by certain of our lenders for properties held as collateral by these lenders. These funds will be released to us upon completion of agreed upon tasks, as specified in the mortgage agreements, mainly consisting of maintenance and repairs on the buildings, and when evidence of insurance and tax payments has been submitted to the lenders. |
| Deferred Financing Costs |
Deferred Financing Costs Deferred financing costs consist of costs incurred to obtain financing, including legal fees, origination fees and administrative fees. The costs are deferred and amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the secured financing. We made payments of $4.6 million, $1.1 million and $1.2 million for deferred financing costs during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The payments incurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 were primarily related to the issuance of our 7.125% Series C Cumulative Term Preferred Stock, (the “Term Preferred Stock”), discussed in further detail in Note 7 “Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock.” Total amortization expense related to deferred financing costs is included in interest expense and was $1.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition Rental revenue includes rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease reported evenly over the non-cancelable term of the lease. Most of our leases contain rental increases at specified intervals. We recognize such revenues on a straight-line basis. Deferred rent receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet includes the cumulative difference between rental revenue, as recorded on a straight-line basis, and rents received from the tenants in accordance with the lease terms, along with the capitalized above-market in-place lease values of certain acquired properties. Accordingly, we determine, in our judgment, to what extent the deferred rent receivable applicable to each specific tenant is collectable. We review deferred rent receivable, as it relates to straight line rents, on a quarterly basis and take into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the geographic area in which the property is located. In the event that the collectability of deferred rent with respect to any given tenant is in doubt, we record an allowance for uncollectable accounts or record a direct write-off of the specific rent receivable. No such reserves or direct write-offs have been recorded to date. Tenant recovery revenue includes payments from tenants as reimbursements for franchise taxes, management fees, insurance, and ground lease payments. We recognize tenant recovery revenue in the same periods that we incur the related expenses. |
| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes We have operated and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and, accordingly, will not be subject to federal income taxes on amounts distributed to stockholders (except income from foreclosure property), provided that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders and meet certain other conditions. To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed income. Commercial Advisers is a wholly-owned TRS that is subject to federal and state income taxes. Though Commercial Advisers has had no activity to date, we would account for any future income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under ASC 740-10-25, we account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
We may recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, despite our belief that the filing position is supportable, the benefit of that tax position is not recognized in the statements of operations. We recognize interest and penalties, as applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We recognize unrecognized tax benefits in the period that the uncertainty is eliminated by either affirmative agreement of the uncertain tax position by the applicable taxing authority, or by expiration of the applicable statute of limitation. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we did not record any uncertain tax positions. |
| Asset Retirement Obligations |
Asset Retirement Obligations ASC 410, “Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligation,” requires an entity to recognize a liability for a conditional asset retirement obligation when incurred if the liability can be reasonably estimated. ASC 410-20-20 clarifies that the term “Conditional Asset Retirement Obligation” refers to a legal obligation (pursuant to existing laws or by contract) to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity. ASC 410-20-25-6 clarifies when an entity would have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the fair value of an asset retirement obligation. We have accrued a liability and corresponding increase to the cost of the related properties for disposal related to all properties constructed prior to 1985 that have, or may have, asbestos present in the building. The liabilities are accreted over the life of the leases for the respective properties. We accrued $0.3 million, $0.1 million and $0.6 million in liabilities in connection with acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We also recorded expenses of $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Costs of future expenditures for obligations are discounted to their present value. The aggregate undiscounted obligation on all properties is $9.2 million and the discount rates used in the calculations ranges from 2.5% to 7.6%. We do not expect to make any payments in conjunction with these obligations in each of the next five years. |
| Stock Issuance Costs |
Stock Issuance Costs We account for stock issuance costs in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5.A, which states that incremental costs directly attributable to a proposed or actual offering of securities may properly be deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the offering. Accordingly, we record costs incurred related to our ongoing equity offerings to other assets on our consolidated balance sheet and ratably apply these amounts to the cost of equity as stock is issued. If an equity offering is subsequently terminated and there are amounts remaining in other assets that have not been allocated to the cost of the offering, the remaining amounts are recorded as a general and administrative expense on our consolidated statements of operations. |
| Other Income |
Other Income We record non-operating and unusual or infrequently earned income as other income on our consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, on April 15, 2005, we originated a mortgage loan in the amount of $10.0 million that was collateralized by an office building located in McLean, Virginia in which our Adviser and Administrator are subtenants. The mortgage loan was originally scheduled to mature in May 2017 but, in July 2010 this mortgage was fully repaid. We received $3.3 million of additional income and prepayment fees in connection with the early payment, which was recorded as other income in the consolidated statement of operations. |
| Real Estate Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations |
Real Estate Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations ASC 360-10, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” requires that the results of operations of any properties which have been sold, or are held for sale, be presented as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements in both current and prior periods presented. Income items related to held for sale properties are listed separately on our consolidated income statement as discontinued operations. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value, less the cost to sell, and are listed separately on our consolidated balance sheet. Once properties are listed as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded. We currently do not own any properties that are classified as discontinued operations. |
| Comprehensive Income |
Comprehensive Income For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, comprehensive income equaled net income; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive income is not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2011-04 which results in a consistent definition of fair value and common requirements for measurement of and disclosure about fair value between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, and as such, we have increased our disclosures related to Level 3 fair value measurements of our mortgage notes payable, in addition to other required disclosures. There were no related impacts on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
| Business Combinations |
We account for our acquisitions of real estate in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, “Business Combinations,” which requires that the purchase price of real estate be recorded at fair value and allocated to the acquired tangible assets and liabilities, consisting of land, building, tenant improvements, long-term debt, capital lease obligations, and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of above-market and below-market leases, in-place leases, lease origination costs and tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. ASC 805 also requires that all expenses related to the acquisition be expensed as incurred, rather than capitalized into the cost of the acquisition. |
| Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures |
The fair value of all fixed-rate mortgage notes payable outstanding as of December 31, 2012, was $373.6 million, as compared to the carrying value stated above of $358.3 million. The fair value is calculated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates based on management’s estimate of market interest rates on long-term debt with comparable terms. The fair value was calculated using Level 3 inputs of the hierarchy established by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” |
| Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity |
The Term Preferred Stock is recorded as liability in accordance with ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” which states that mandatorily redeemable financial instruments should be classified as liabilities and therefore the related dividend payments are treated as a component of interest expense in the statement of operations. |
| Equity |
In accordance with ASC 505-10-45-2, “Equity,” receivables from employees for the issuance of capital stock to employees prior to the receipt of cash payment should be reflected in the balance sheet as a reduction to stockholders’ equity. Therefore, these notes were recorded as full recourse loans to employees and are included in the equity section of the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2012, each loan maintained its full recourse status. |